Asteroid-World Fall 1989 #2
Zip Dobyns
More on Earthquakes
You are finally receiving the Virgo The Mutable Dilemma with this second part of the fall 1989 Asteroid-World in spite of the failure of Minolta and the local service company to get our bummer copier functional. Last week, they finally persuaded our machine to copy single sided sheets. Mark and I finished copying The Mutable Dilemma by putting every page through the copier twice since it still can’t do the two-sided copying which was the reason we bought it in the first place. The Asteroid-World will be done the same way while the printer is stapling, folding, and trimming The Mutable Dilemma. Basically, that means The Mutable Dilemma took 34 times as much work since each page was inserted twice for each set of 20 copies instead of the whole set of pages being inserted once for each set. The set of 20 is due to the limits of the collator. We will keep you informed of the ongoing saga of Minolta’s failure. For the past two and a half months, the machine has worked properly for only about three or four hours.
The Virgo The Mutable Dilemma has an article on the October 1989 earthquake in San Francisco. The Mutable Dilemma was actually written in September but the Minolta photocopier stopped functioning in the middle of that month, so after the quake, I postponed the article on our elusive depression until this Asteroid-World, and replaced it with the quake article. Alas, the copier worked all of two or three hours after it was “fixed” in late October. I was just able to make 80 copies of The Mutable Dilemma before the copier bombed again, and we are still waiting for needed parts on Thanksgiving weekend when Mark and I bit the bullet and did the extra work to get Virgo out so we could start work on Sagittarius this coming week.
In the meantime, I have done more work on earthquakes. At the moment, I am looking hard at the spring of 1990 which could mark another major quake somewhere in the Bay area. I also have received an interesting communication from Judith Hill, formerly of San Francisco, and Diana Rosenberg of New York. Judith has moved from S.F. to Oregon as a result of her earthquake studies. I may have mentioned in an earlier issue of The Mutable Dilemma that I have a tape of a lecture Judith gave at least two years ago in which she described her studies. She found specific patterns associated with quakes, but the patterns were specific for geographical areas with some areas associated with cardinal stress aspects, some with fixed sign aspects, and some with mutables. Based on the aspect patterns associated with past quakes in the San Francisco area, Judith predicted one or more high magnitude quakes during the period from September 1989 to early 1991. She especially emphasized the period from November 4, 1989 to January 25, 1991, and picked out several shorter intervals of high probability during those 14 months. I was struck by her choice of March through June 1990 as so stressed that she could not choose more likely dates within that time, since I had picked out the spring of 1990 as a danger time using totally different astrological techniques.
Diana’s list of probable dates has many overlaps with Judith’s list, and is again based on different astrological techniques. She agrees with Judith (and me) that April 1990 into the first couple of days of May is a time of special stress. Diana has noted an emphasis on 6.5 degrees of cardinal signs and 21.5 degrees of fixed signs and points out that when they are put on the 90 degree dial, they form 22.5 degree aspects to the heliocentric nodes of Uranus. Both Uranian and Cosmobiologist astrologers use the 90 degree dial which puts planets that are conjunct, square, or opposite each other into a conjunction while planets that are octile or trioctile the previous group will oppose it on the dial and planets with 22.5 degree aspects will square the original group on the dial. The 90 degree dial is primarily used to permit astrologers to quickly see the “hard” aspects; that is, all multiples of 22.5 degrees. We have discussed the uses of “dials” (others are used but the most common is the 90 degree type) and additional aspects in earlier issues of The Mutable Dilemma but have not written about these techniques in some years. As our readers know, I have been so fascinated by the new asteroids that I have neglected many other possible techniques and theories in astrology. There are so many possible methods, one has to choose. With a computer, it is possible to try everything but not to use all techniques regularly.
Judith has also predicted intensified seismic activity in Japan within one month of a magnitude 6+ quake in California. She thinks that the expected Parkfield quake may trigger the “Big” one for either San Francisco or Los Angeles, that a major volcanic eruption is also likely during this same period, especially Vesuvius or Pele, and that nuclear accidents are also possible along with a general increase in the frequency and size of earthquakes everywhere. Among others, her emphasized periods include April 5 to May 3, 1990.
I mentioned in my Virgo The Mutable Dilemma article on the S.F. quake that the preceding Libra ingress chart calculated for San Francisco had not offered an adequate warning of the coming quake. My son Mark suggested trying the preceding earth sign ingress since earthquakes certainly involve the earth, but the Virgo ingress was not much more impressive than the Libra one. Quakes are traditionally associated with Saturn as ruler of rocks and minerals (Virgo is more related to farms and handicrafts) so I ran the preceding Capricorn ingress for San Francisco and was impressed. The Sun and Uranus were closely conjunct each other with both on the Ascendant in San Francisco within one degree!
As I have written earlier, astrological tradition says that the Aries ingress (when the Sun enters zero degrees of Aries) provides a key to a whole year, remaining relevant until the next Aries ingress. However, the other three cardinal ingresses are normally only used for the following three months. I had experimented a little with using the Sun’s entry into fixed and mutable signs as well as cardinal, and with using all ingresses for a full year, but had not done enough to have any firm conviction on their reliability. I did find some support for the idea that each ingress might be a useful key to the affairs of that sign for the coming year. One of the most impressive examples was the Capricorn ingress before Nixon’s resignation which occurred in August. The preceding Capricorn ingress seemed more appropriate than the preceding Aries ingress, and of course Capricorn is associated with the executive branch of the government.
I have now calculated several Capricorn ingress charts prior to recent earthquakes, but have not had time to carry out a thorough study, so am only prepared to encourage other astrologers to explore the technique. The coming 1989 Capricorn ingress has some strong cardinal stress aspects involving chart angles in both S.F. and L.A. The East Point in S.F. is exactly opposite the Moon and square Mercury while the L.A. MC is exactly conjunct Mercury and square the Moon. The Antivertex in L.A. is exactly conjunct Urania (much like Uranus) and square Saturn and Chiron which oppose each other while the S.F. Antivertex is just over a one-degree square to Neptune. The S.F. MC is at the midpoint of Saturn/Mercury, conjunct both within three degrees, as well as exactly octile Mars and quincunx the true south node of the Moon. Mars is in the eighth house quincunx the midpoint of the two Ascendants; S.F. and L.A. Other midpoints involving the S.F. MC include Saturn conjunct MC/Neptune and Neptune conjunct MC/Uranus. All aspects listed (other than the noted exceptions), are within a one-degree orb. I have emphasized aspects to the angles since these are the factors which personalize and localize general mundane charts like ingresses, planetary conjunctions, etc.
The asteroids are also interesting, with Gaea (earth) conjunct Berkeley (one of the towns across the bay from S.F.), both of them opposite the S.F. Antivertex, and Berkeley square Saturn. Richter (the name of the man who originated the well-known scale for measuring the magnitude of quakes) is quincunx Uranus. Megaira (slaughter) is on the S.F. IC. Guernica (a town destroyed by fire bombs) is on Mercury and the L.A. MC square the S.F. East Point. Many more might be listed, but lists get very boring.
Of course, I also did the Aries 1990 ingress. It is interesting that the S.F. Ascendant in the Capricorn 1989 ingress is 29 Aries while the S.F. Ascendant in the Aries 1990 ingress is 29 Cancer. The S.F. angles seem more strongly aspected in both charts but the emphasis is much greater in the Aries ingress. The Moon is conjunct Neptune within 9 minutes of longitude with both on the S.F. West Point, Neptune within 8 minutes of longitude. A quincunx from Moon-Neptune to the S.F. Antivertex is even closer, and geocentric Richter along with heliocentric Urania are on the Antivertex for both cities. Gaea is on the S.F. IC. In spite of all the preceding, I would be unwilling to claim that a major quake is probable. Astrology is a psychological system, and it is quite possible to have stress patterns which picture mental stress without any overt events. There is no question that the inhabitants of California are doing more serious thinking about and preparing for earthquakes than they did before last October 17. But I feel the need for much more work before I would be willing to predict a quake. I do hope that all our readers in California will take a look at their charts of family, friends, and clients to see whether they can pick up indications of special, widespread stress next year. The few charts I had readily accessible of residents of the Bay area do seem to have appropriate progressed aspects next spring.
I also looked at the three conjunction charts for Mars for February 1990 as it moves past Uranus, Neptune and Saturn, calculating their house cusps for both S.F. and L.A. They all have appropriate aspects, including some to the asteroids which might be related to quakes, but I have not had time to do justice to the charts and hesitate to just list more paragraphs of aspects. It is easy to spend many hours on a single chart, especially when you are looking at nearly 500 asteroids! One of many planned projects is to do a selected list of asteroids which might be keys to quakes or volcanic eruptions, and to calculate their aspects in ingress and conjunction charts preceding past quakes. Seraphita’s contribution in this issue of Asteroid-World includes four asteroids which I had not previously considered and they are now calculated and available for observation. Unfortunately, there is no funding for research in astrology, so such projects have to be squeezed in between earning a living, maintaining a household, writing (which I do for my own satisfaction, often subsidizing the cost of The Mutable Dilemma and Asteroid-World), etc.
I have also calculated the U.S. Declaration of Independence and Constitution charts for both San Francisco and Los Angeles. California is becoming the tail that wags the dog as the state with the most people, the shipping port with the most business, the gateway to the expanding Pacific world, etc. If it is heavily damaged, the whole country could be affected. The rest of the country is already contributing some billions to repair the very limited damage from last October’s quake. So it is reasonable to assume that serious damage to California would show in the charts for our country. I mentioned in the Virgo 1989 The Mutable Dilemma article that I was not surprised by the quake since the Declaration P Moon was on the natal IC opposite Uranus, a very appropriate aspect for a quake. The IC and whole fourth house symbolize the land and buildings built on it. Setting the Declaration chart in San Francisco put 3 Leo on the Ascendant in a long square to P Saturn in the fourth house. P Ascendant in S.F. is approaching an opposition to natal Ascendant and a square to Saturn. These aspects will be exact by early 1990. But more ominously, P Part of Death will conjunct P Saturn and square both the natal and P Ascendants in S.F. in the spring of 1990. P Moon will be octile natal and P Pluto through February, March and April 1990 and quincunx natal Sun for two of those months. Of course these progressed Moon positions depend on my rectified time for the official vote on the Declaration of Independence at 9:36 A.M. EST on July 4, 1776.
Our Constitution also presents a dramatic picture when it is calculated for San Francisco. Neptune holds an almost lifetime conjunction with the natal Ascendant and P Mars remains in a square to both for some years. P Ascendant is conjunct the true south node of the Moon as well as the Arabic Part of Neptune and it squares P America and forms a quincunx to natal Vesta. P Moon was just approaching the Ascendant for the October quake but it was in a square to natal Jupiter. In the spring of 1990, P Moon will cross the East Point, Juno, and P Venus, strengthening a grand trine between the Libra group and Mars and P Chiron. It will also square the L.A. MC and form octiles to natal Saturn-Sun. P Sun is quincunx Mars and square P Chiron. On the whole, the S.F. angles seem much more stressed than the ones in L.A., but action is possible anywhere in California. Some of the aspects which I mentioned involve angles or the midpoints of angles in both L.A. and S.F., so we might interpret the patterns as suggesting a quake centered between the two major cities. Of course, a lot of people are already in action working to make their property more earthquake-proof or to get prepared with stored food, water, flashlights, battery-operated radios, etc. It is also quite possible that there will be forms of stress in California other than earthquakes.
It does seem to me that we should be able to predict quakes some day, but I feel the need for much more personal work. And since this part of Asteroid-World is already too long, I had better stop here before the economic overview has to be postponed again.
Is our elusive depression finally coming?
As I have written in the past, I expected the economy to be in serious trouble by November-December 1986 when my version of the chart for our Declaration of Independence had P Moon on P Saturn. P Moon had been on natal Saturn in the second house in the spring of 1985 when we had the Ohio and Maryland bank crises, so it was a reasonable guess that the aspect to P Saturn in Scorpio in the third house might be a key to debt problems with neighboring countries (especially Mexico) which would bring increased anxiety about the system. Crashes happen when people lose faith in the system and all try to bail out at once.
As everyone knows, instead of a financial crisis for the government, especially the Executive branch which is specifically symbolized by Saturn with Jupiter for the Judiciary and Uranus for the Legislature, we had Iran-Contragate. The third house was the media having a field day as secrets came out of past government power plays (the Scorpio P Saturn). Astrology is great on timing and issues, but we often guess wrong on details. The people (Moon) were polarized between those who thought Ollie North was a hero and those who hoped he would be in enough trouble to spill the beans on his bosses (Bush and Reagan). Most of the dirt was carefully kept under the carpet, and the Christics were fined a million dollars for their temerity in trying to bring a few members of the secret government to justice.
So what happened to the depression which was expected by most astrologers and by a lot of financial forecasters? We did have the stock market crash of October 1987, but the market refused to stay down and on October 9, 1989, the DOW hit a new (so far all-time) high. Almost all of the astrologers were uniformly bearish at the big New Orleans astrology conference in July 1989. Almost all expected the market to top on July 17 or 25, 1989, and some thought the fall crash would be worse than 1987. There was one exception. An astrologer from Israel who was in the audience insisted that the market would go up in August though it might go down in the fall. Even with astrology, we don’t have final answers, though a lot of us are still trying to make sense of the situation.
In earlier issues of The Mutable Dilemma or Asteroid-World, I had written that this fall of 1989 was likely to put the Near East and Colombia in the spotlight. The recent assassination of Lebanon’s new President is a tragic demonstration of the meaningfulness of the asteroids in the Libra ingress in Beirut as well as in the country’s independence chart. But beyond the political and military stress in the Near East, and Central and South America, a financial flap in the U.S. remained equally possible. This issue of Asteroid-World, Part 2 of fall 1989, is having its final revision on Thanksgiving weekend. The Democrats and Bush have just finished their fight over the budget which brought Gramm-Rudman temporarily into effect with its automatic cuts in most government services. The Democrats wanted to give more money to the east European countries which are moving toward democracy and to social programs in the U.S., while they cut defense spending. They are reluctant to lower the capital gains tax (which benefits the wealthy), suggesting that it would be fairer to increase the income tax of the wealthy to 33% (rather than 28%) and to reinstate IRAs specifically designed to let people save for college educations and down payments on first homes. The Gramm-Rudman automatic cuts hit almost everything except social security and payments for extreme poverty, so if a compromise had not been reached, staffs would have been reduced for the military, drug agents, income tax agents, etc. Some of the Republican leaders were willing to see the automatic cuts maintained, but the military screamed! Their situation is especially critical with democracy breaking out all over Eastern Europe, suggesting a much reduced need for our huge, expensive military establishment.
The Power People (especially the Federal Reserve which manipulates our money) are walking a tight-rope, trying to keep the economy growing slowly without pushing up inflation. The loans to less developed countries could still pull down the system, but the big banks have now joined the little ones in setting aside large chunks of cash to “write off” many loans which will obviously never be paid back. The crisis in the Saving and Loan institutions has been temporarily handled though it is far from over. The combination of fraud, poor management, reduced values in real estate and junk bonds, in addition to competition from money market funds which offer higher interest rates has left many S & Ls (and banks) owing more than their assets. We will be paying for years on the 100 billion dollars which the government is now authorized to borrow in order to “save” the system, and recent estimates have raised the ante, suggesting that the final bill might be two or three times as high. But as long as the public still has faith in the government’s guarantees, the system can struggle on.
Other potential disasters waiting in the wings include the federal farm loan program which is holding massive debts of farmers who are unable to maintain payments, huge pension plans which are guaranteed by the government and which may end up having to be funded by the government, escalating medical costs as new (and expensive) treatments outrun our ability to pay for them, etc. A November 23 column in the Los Angeles Times described the weakness in the government’s supervision of private retirement funds which could invite a fiasco even larger than the S & Ls. Private pension trust funds now total $1.7 trillion and there are only 187 auditors overseeing the 840,000 private plans! By contrast, when the savings and loan crisis was developing, there were 10 times as many auditors available to review the problems. It is only too easy for dishonest or unwise fund managers to loot or lose the savings which are held in trust for millions of future retirees. Just in case you need something more to worry about, questions are being raised about the solvency of some of the big insurance companies which could have increased demands put on them from AIDS as well as from natural disasters if the forecasts of coming weather extremes are accurate.
The declining value of real estate is another potential time bomb. It has already hit much of the country where the prices of commodities came down though manufactured goods and services continued to increase in price. The coasts have partially escaped, but now are showing signs of weakness. Commercial buildings have been overbuilt in many areas, and the prices of both offices and homes are starting to slide in the east. Southern California prices are still rising, but not at such a fast pace, and homes are staying on the market much longer than was true even a year ago. Still, other countries continue to buy our property and businesses, seeing them as bargains since the value of the dollar was reduced to encourage more exports. Alice Reichard expects the bottom of the real estate market to come in the early 1990s, when the south lunar node is in Cancer, the sign of land and real estate. If that pattern holds, prices could be starting up again by 1993. Of course, individual markets are subject to local conditions. Hong Kong is currently being shaken by the coming control of mainland China, and Japan, with the most inflated real estate prices in the world, remains an enigma.
The latest anxiety to sweep the financial community involves the “junk” bonds, many of them floated to finance leveraged buyouts. In recent months, several big companies have been unable to pay the high interest and they have gone into bankruptcy or been forced to sell parts of their businesses. The face value of a number of bonds has declined along with the interest payments, leaving some upset bond owners. Historically, panics and depressions have often followed periods of inflated prices (of land, bonds, stocks, commodities, etc.) as investors lost faith in the system and all tried to sell their dubious assets at the same time. One big company failure could have a ripple or domino effect and bring down the system. The elite who are running the show may have learned enough from past mistakes to avoid a total crash of the system. But faith can be a fragile thing, and the near “melt-down” of October 19, 1987 shows that humans are still human. Perhaps it is encouraging that the 190 point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial index on October 13, 1989 stopped well short of panic. But a number of economic analysts such as Dr. John King still expect a sudden and disastrous collapse in the system.
One of the most interesting talks that I have ever heard concerning the current financial situation was given by a man named Martin Armstrong. He is a director in an economic institute in Princeton, NJ, and was the keynote speaker at the Conference of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles in Irvine, CA. in March 1989. You will have some idea of how valuable his expert knowledge is considered when I tell you that he charges $3,000 per person for a one day seminar on his analysis of the world’s economic situation.
Since Armstrong spoke for nearly two hours, I can obviously only hit the highlights of the talk. He says that the Kondratieff depression has already come and gone; that the 50 year cycle involves agricultural commodities which reached their lowest prices in the 1920s and again in the 1980s, and they are now heading up again. (Those dates would actually make the cycle about 60 years). Armstrong adds that an agricultural depression in the 19th century could shake up the whole economy since a large part of the GNP (gross national product) was dependent on agriculture. Today, only 3% of our GNP depends on commodities (farming and mining). 20% depends on manufacturing, a figure which has remained almost constant for over a century. The major increases have been in government expenditures and in services. The latter include sales, information, medical, legal, education, transportation, etc. Combined with government employment, services make up about 70% of our GNP. Services and government employment are not subject to the fluctuations which are normal with commodities and manufacturing.
Armstrong expects a modest recession in 1990 into 1991, and then renewed growth in the economy. He thinks the stock market might drop some, possibly making a “23% correction” in late 1989 or 1990, but that the major money flows are currently going into the U.S., Canada, England and Australia and that this will continue for some years so it will support both the value of our dollar and our real estate. However, Armstrong does say that real estate prices may drop some during the next few years. He says that currently banks are buying gold but also new mines are being developed so major price changes are only likely if there is a general loss of faith in paper money. For those who follow such things, he offers $376 an ounce as a primary support level and $408 an ounce as a primary resistance level. If gold drops below the bottom figure, it is likely to go lower. If it rises above the top figure, it is likely to go higher. It has moved up into the $390s in the last two months, and Ray Merriman thinks it may go higher in the next nine to fourteen months.
Martin Armstrong sees our national debt as the main threat which could destroy the system, but thinks that a major crisis is not likely before 1996-8. If his figures are correct, the U.S. is actually in better shape than many other countries. He claims that our interest payments are 13.4% of current U.S. government expenditures. For most European countries, interest costs are over 20% of their expenditures. Japan pays 23% of their costs for interest and the figure is 30% in Canada! However, England and Australia are now reducing their government debt, and Armstrong says that if the U.S. does not do this soon, we will be in deep trouble in a few years. He estimates that if our government stopped all borrowing this year and interest rates did not rise above their current level, we would still reach interest payments of over 100% of expenditures by 2020. Those figures are thanks to the power of compound interest! If we continue our borrowing, we could reach that level of interest payments as early as 1994-8.
One of the most important points which Armstrong made in the talk was the unreliability of most of the statistics which are given out by the government. For example, he said that our supposed terrible foreign deficit disappears if you calculate where the profits actually end up. The country which puts the last screw in the product before it comes to the U.S. is considered to be the source of the import. So Korean cars which are assembled in Canada count as imports from Canada but the profits go back to Korea. And many ostensible products from other countries are actually commissioned by multinational companies with headquarters in the U.S. so the ultimate profits stay here. He estimates that our trade deficit is only about 2 1/2% of our GNP and that the U.S. could actually survive in relative isolation, producing for the home market. Japan and Germany, on the other hand, have 40% of their GNP dependent on selling to someone else. (With the Berlin Wall coming down this past week, West Germany may have many new economic opportunities through cooperation with East Germany.) Armstrong does not mention the current claim that the U.S. now has a deficit in services; that is, we are paying more in rents, royalties, interest on bonds etc. to other countries than we are receiving from them. As foreigners continue to buy our businesses and our bonds, that deficit is likely to go on rising. The standard of living of the majority of U.S. citizens is likely to go on declining while the wealthy everywhere become more wealthy.
Among the untrustworthy statistics, Armstrong included the figures given for inflation. These are distorted since the government does not want wages or social security payments to go up. The government has revised the CPI (consumer price index) 14 times since World War II, and there are currently nine different CPIs in use. The main threats to the system, according to Armstrong, are the unstable exchange rates between different currencies which he says are the real source of corporate losses in recent years, and the escalating debts all over the world. Armstrong quotes the memoirs of Herbert Hoover, U.S. President during the 1929 crash and the beginning of the 1930s depression, as the source of an explanation for that long slump. Hoover claimed that the depression was set off by an economic war which was basically a continuation of World War I. France attacked the bonds of Germany. England came to the defense of Germany and France attacked the Bonds of England. There were wild movements of capital from one country to another as the wealthy elite looked for profits or security, and the final result was a general loss of confidence in the system.
In connection with the primary issue of confidence, Armstrong has an interesting theory which reminded me of Galbraith’s suggestion that people swing between altruistic concern for public wellbeing and a focus on personal gratification, more bluntly called greed. Armstrong’s version suggests that people swing between putting their faith in public institutions versus putting it in private action. He sees these swings as cyclic, and expects many wild swings ahead in economic variables which will crack the public’s level of confidence in the government. But his timing of past cycles doesn’t match history as far as I can see. We will have to wait to see whether the time of serious crisis is in 1996-8. He might well be right on that. Uranus comes into Aquarius in 1996. We can have freedom and equality or anarchy and revolution.
As a postscript, I heard a very interesting lecture by an east coast psychic named Debra Lynch at the Whole Life Expo. I will be discussing her horoscope and her predictions in the Sagittarius The Mutable Dilemma which we hope to finish writing next week and will mail in early December if Minolta gets its act together. Just briefly, I will say here that Debra is basically somewhat optimistic. She expects a 5% drop in real estate prices and then a renewed rise, some modest increases in gold with silver holding back, small wars and terrorism but no major world war, and she thinks that by 2010, we will have moved to improve our handling of pollution problems and the extreme wealth disparity in the world. I hope she is right!!!
I wish that I could include a discussion of the exciting events in East Europe, but will have to save them for another time. I will include some birth data for readers who have time to investigate for themselves some of the leading players in our current world drama. Kohl, leader in West Germany, was born on April 3, 1930 at 6:30 A.M., one hour later than UT, in Ludwigshafen , Germany, 49 N 29, 8 E 26. Krenz, current leader in East Germany, was born on March 19, 1937, in Berlin. We do not have a time for him as yet. According to my friend, Bodo Capeller who was born in Berlin, the famous Berlin Wall was started about 4 A.M. on August 13, 1961, daylight time (2 hours later than UT) and they started to take it down about 7 P.M. on November 9, 1989, one hour later than UT. The chart for the start of the Wall had a progressed New Moon in the summer of 1989 as the exodus of East Germans was getting under way through Hungary, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. It was this mass flight of their young and educated citizens which cracked the bureaucracy. Judy John had given me the data for all of the candidates in the recent Brazilian election, and our small study group had accurately guessed the ones most likely to do well. The three candidates for the run-off election are Collor, born on August 12, 1949 at 3:49 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro; Brizola, born on January 22, 1922 at 9:55 P.M., in Carazinha; and Lula, born on October 10, 1945 at 8:30 A.M. in Caranhuns. All three men were born in Brazil in the time zone three hours earlier than UT. And now we have our contribution on asteroid names from Seraphita. [Not in the web archives.]